Date: Thirteenth century

Yaqut (d. 1229) reports in his geographical encyclopaedia that a special clay was gathered from Jabal Bishr, located between Rusafa and Tadmur. This clay was sent to Aleppo for making … read more

Date: Twelfth to sixteenth centuries

An iron foundry (Masbak al-ḥadīd) is mentioned in sources dating from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, though its location is not specified. Information is drawn from the work of Ibn ʿAsakir (d. 1176) … read more